sim/src/world.rs

use picard::actors::{
    Actor, ActorFactoryArgs, ActorRef, ActorRefFactory, ActorReference, ActorSystem,
    Context as ActorContext, Sender, Tell,
};
use rune::runtime::RuntimeContext;
use rune::termcolor::Buffer;
use rune::{Any, Context, Diagnostics, Module, Source, Sources, Unit, Vm};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::cmp::Reverse;
use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::fmt::Write;
use std::sync::{
    Arc, OnceLock,
    mpsc::{SyncSender, sync_channel},
};
use std::time::Duration;

pub const W: usize = 96;
pub const H: usize = 64;
pub const DEFAULT_SCRIPT: &str = include_str!("../config.rn");

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, rune::FromValue)]
pub struct StageDuration {
    pub min_days: u32,
    pub max_days: u32,
    #[serde(default)]
    pub fertile: bool,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, rune::FromValue)]
#[serde(default)]
pub struct CalendarSettings {
    pub ticks_per_day: u64,
    pub days_per_week: u32,
    pub weeks_per_month: u32,
    pub months_per_year: u32,
    pub toddler: StageDuration,
    pub child: StageDuration,
    pub teen: StageDuration,
    pub young_adult: StageDuration,
    pub adult: StageDuration,
    pub older_adult: StageDuration,
    pub elderly: StageDuration,
}

impl Default for StageDuration {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            min_days: 1,
            max_days: 2,
            fertile: false,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for CalendarSettings {
    fn default() -> Self {
        default_config().calendar
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, rune::FromValue)]
pub struct SimulationConfig {
    width: usize,
    height: usize,
    calendar: CalendarSettings,
    initial_population: usize,
    initial_young_adults: usize,
    initial_rabbits: usize,
    initial_wolves: usize,
    initial_food: u32,
    initial_person_hunger: f32,
    initial_animal_energy: f32,
    animal_energy_death_threshold: f32,
    starting_tick_fraction: u64,
    population_capacity: usize,
    house_capacity: usize,
    max_houses: usize,
    daylight_night_threshold: f32,
    daylight_base: f32,
    daylight_amplitude: f32,
    home_radius: usize,
    attack_range: usize,
    entity_update_interval: u64,
    hunger_night_at_home: f32,
    hunger_other: f32,
    hunger_eat_home_threshold: f32,
    hunger_eat_carried_threshold: f32,
    hunger_return_threshold: f32,
    hunger_starvation_threshold: f32,
    hunger_meal_reduction: f32,
    food_per_meal: u32,
    resource_search_radius: usize,
    person_hunt_success_chance: f32,
    person_hunt_food_yield: u32,
    person_gather_yield: u16,
    person_tooled_gather_yield: u16,
    partnership_distance: usize,
    birth_food_threshold: u32,
    birth_food_cost: u32,
    tool_wood_cost: u32,
    tool_stone_cost: u32,
    house_wood_cost: u32,
    house_stone_cost: u32,
    house_placement_radius: usize,
    resource_regrow_attempts: usize,
    initial_tree_chance: f32,
    initial_tree_amount: u16,
    initial_berry_chance: f32,
    initial_berry_amount: u16,
    initial_stone_chance: f32,
    initial_stone_amount: u16,
    tree_regrow_chance: f32,
    tree_regrow_amount: u16,
    berry_regrow_chance: f32,
    berry_regrow_amount: u16,
    stone_regrow_chance: f32,
    stone_regrow_amount: u16,
    animal_population_interval: u64,
    rabbit_spawn_cap: usize,
    wolf_spawn_cap: usize,
    wolf_spawn_rabbit_threshold: usize,
    wolf_min_home_distance: usize,
    rabbit_energy_drain: f32,
    rabbit_energy_regen: f32,
    rabbit_energy_max: f32,
    rabbit_wolf_detection_range: usize,
    rabbit_breed_energy: f32,
    rabbit_max_population: usize,
    rabbit_breed_chance: f32,
    rabbit_breed_energy_cost: f32,
    rabbit_newborn_energy: f32,
    wolf_energy_drain: f32,
    wolf_prey_range: usize,
    wolf_hunt_success_chance: f32,
    wolf_hunt_energy_gain: f32,
    wolf_energy_max: f32,
    wolf_breed_energy: f32,
    wolf_max_population: usize,
    wolf_breed_chance: f32,
    wolf_breed_energy_cost: f32,
    wolf_newborn_energy: f32,
    terrain_noise_octaves: usize,
    terrain_noise_scale: f32,
    terrain_edge_height: f32,
    terrain_edge_falloff: f32,
    terrain_edge_distance_cap: f32,
    terrain_moisture_offset: f32,
    terrain_moisture_seed_offset: u64,
    terrain_deep_water_threshold: f32,
    terrain_water_threshold: f32,
    terrain_sand_threshold: f32,
    terrain_forest_grass_threshold: f32,
    terrain_hills_threshold: f32,
    terrain_forest_moisture_threshold: f32,
    random_land_attempts: usize,
    log_entry_limit: usize,
    wander_attempts: usize,
    wander_radius: usize,
    manual_spawn_limit: usize,
    max_simulation_speed: u32,
    max_stock_edit: u32,
    max_person_inventory_edit: u32,
    max_hunger_edit: i64,
    max_animal_energy_edit: f32,
    max_resource_edit: u16,
}

impl SimulationConfig {
    fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
        if !(8..=256).contains(&self.width) || !(8..=256).contains(&self.height) {
            return Err("world width and height must be between 8 and 256".into());
        }
        if self.initial_young_adults > self.initial_population {
            return Err("initial_young_adults cannot exceed initial_population".into());
        }
        if self.food_per_meal == 0 {
            return Err("food_per_meal must be at least 1".into());
        }
        if self.population_capacity > 1_000_000 || self.house_capacity > 1_000_000 {
            return Err("population capacity values exceed supported limits".into());
        }
        if self.initial_population > 10_000
            || self.initial_rabbits > 100_000
            || self.initial_wolves > 100_000
        {
            return Err("initial population counts exceed supported limits".into());
        }
        if self.max_simulation_speed == 0
            || self.max_simulation_speed > 32
            || self.max_stock_edit == 0
            || self.max_stock_edit > 1_000_000_000
            || self.max_person_inventory_edit == 0
            || self.max_person_inventory_edit > 1_000_000_000
            || self.max_hunger_edit <= 0
            || self.max_hunger_edit > 1_000_000_000
            || self.max_animal_energy_edit <= 0.0
            || self.max_animal_energy_edit > 1_000_000.0
            || self.max_resource_edit == 0
            || self.max_resource_edit > 1_000
        {
            return Err("simulation edit limits must be positive".into());
        }
        if self.starting_tick_fraction == 0 {
            return Err("starting_tick_fraction must be at least 1".into());
        }

        let calendar = &self.calendar;
        if calendar.ticks_per_day == 0
            || calendar.ticks_per_day > 1_000_000
            || calendar.days_per_week == 0
            || calendar.days_per_week > 100
            || calendar.weeks_per_month == 0
            || calendar.weeks_per_month > 100
            || calendar.months_per_year == 0
            || calendar.months_per_year > 100
        {
            return Err("calendar values are outside their supported ranges".into());
        }
        for stage in [
            &calendar.toddler,
            &calendar.child,
            &calendar.teen,
            &calendar.young_adult,
            &calendar.adult,
            &calendar.older_adult,
            &calendar.elderly,
        ] {
            if stage.min_days == 0 || stage.min_days > stage.max_days || stage.max_days > 1_000_000
            {
                return Err("life-stage durations must be in the range 1..=1000000".into());
            }
        }
        for (name, chance) in [
            (
                "person_hunt_success_chance",
                self.person_hunt_success_chance,
            ),
            ("initial_tree_chance", self.initial_tree_chance),
            ("initial_berry_chance", self.initial_berry_chance),
            ("initial_stone_chance", self.initial_stone_chance),
            ("tree_regrow_chance", self.tree_regrow_chance),
            ("berry_regrow_chance", self.berry_regrow_chance),
            ("stone_regrow_chance", self.stone_regrow_chance),
            ("rabbit_breed_chance", self.rabbit_breed_chance),
            ("wolf_breed_chance", self.wolf_breed_chance),
            ("wolf_hunt_success_chance", self.wolf_hunt_success_chance),
        ] {
            if !(0.0..=1.0).contains(&chance) {
                return Err(format!("{name} must be between 0 and 1"));
            }
        }
        if self.animal_population_interval == 0 || self.entity_update_interval < 2 {
            return Err(
                "animal_population_interval must be positive and entity_update_interval at least 2"
                    .into(),
            );
        }
        if self.terrain_noise_octaves == 0
            || self.terrain_noise_octaves > 16
            || !self.terrain_noise_scale.is_finite()
            || self.terrain_noise_scale <= 0.0
        {
            return Err("terrain_noise_octaves and terrain_noise_scale must be positive".into());
        }
        if self.house_placement_radius > self.width.max(self.height)
            || self.resource_regrow_attempts > self.width * self.height
            || self.random_land_attempts == 0
            || self.wander_attempts == 0
            || self.wander_radius == 0
            || self.wander_radius > 32
            || self.log_entry_limit == 0
        {
            return Err("world search and regrowth values exceed supported limits".into());
        }
        if self.terrain_deep_water_threshold >= self.terrain_water_threshold
            || self.terrain_water_threshold >= self.terrain_sand_threshold
            || self.terrain_sand_threshold >= self.terrain_forest_grass_threshold
            || self.terrain_forest_grass_threshold >= self.terrain_hills_threshold
        {
            return Err("terrain thresholds must be in ascending order".into());
        }
        for (name, value) in [
            ("terrain_noise_scale", self.terrain_noise_scale),
            ("terrain_edge_height", self.terrain_edge_height),
            ("terrain_edge_falloff", self.terrain_edge_falloff),
            ("terrain_edge_distance_cap", self.terrain_edge_distance_cap),
            ("terrain_moisture_offset", self.terrain_moisture_offset),
            (
                "terrain_deep_water_threshold",
                self.terrain_deep_water_threshold,
            ),
            ("terrain_water_threshold", self.terrain_water_threshold),
            ("terrain_sand_threshold", self.terrain_sand_threshold),
            (
                "terrain_forest_grass_threshold",
                self.terrain_forest_grass_threshold,
            ),
            ("terrain_hills_threshold", self.terrain_hills_threshold),
            (
                "terrain_forest_moisture_threshold",
                self.terrain_forest_moisture_threshold,
            ),
        ] {
            if !value.is_finite() {
                return Err(format!("{name} must be finite"));
            }
        }
        if self.birth_food_cost > self.birth_food_threshold {
            return Err("birth_food_cost cannot exceed birth_food_threshold".into());
        }
        for (name, value) in [
            ("initial_person_hunger", self.initial_person_hunger),
            ("initial_animal_energy", self.initial_animal_energy),
            (
                "animal_energy_death_threshold",
                self.animal_energy_death_threshold,
            ),
            ("daylight_night_threshold", self.daylight_night_threshold),
            ("daylight_base", self.daylight_base),
            ("daylight_amplitude", self.daylight_amplitude),
            ("hunger_night_at_home", self.hunger_night_at_home),
            ("hunger_other", self.hunger_other),
            ("hunger_eat_home_threshold", self.hunger_eat_home_threshold),
            (
                "hunger_eat_carried_threshold",
                self.hunger_eat_carried_threshold,
            ),
            ("hunger_return_threshold", self.hunger_return_threshold),
            (
                "hunger_starvation_threshold",
                self.hunger_starvation_threshold,
            ),
            ("hunger_meal_reduction", self.hunger_meal_reduction),
            ("rabbit_energy_drain", self.rabbit_energy_drain),
            ("rabbit_energy_regen", self.rabbit_energy_regen),
            ("rabbit_energy_max", self.rabbit_energy_max),
            ("wolf_energy_drain", self.wolf_energy_drain),
            ("wolf_hunt_energy_gain", self.wolf_hunt_energy_gain),
            ("wolf_energy_max", self.wolf_energy_max),
            ("rabbit_breed_energy", self.rabbit_breed_energy),
            ("rabbit_breed_energy_cost", self.rabbit_breed_energy_cost),
            ("rabbit_newborn_energy", self.rabbit_newborn_energy),
            ("wolf_breed_energy", self.wolf_breed_energy),
            ("wolf_breed_energy_cost", self.wolf_breed_energy_cost),
            ("wolf_newborn_energy", self.wolf_newborn_energy),
        ] {
            if !value.is_finite() || value < 0.0 {
                return Err(format!("{name} must be a finite non-negative number"));
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

const CALENDAR_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
    "ticks_per_day",
    "days_per_week",
    "weeks_per_month",
    "months_per_year",
    "toddler",
    "child",
    "teen",
    "young_adult",
    "adult",
    "older_adult",
    "elderly",
];

/// `SimulationConfig` fields (except `calendar`), each read from the `pub const`
/// of the same name in upper case.
const CONFIG_FIELDS: &[&str] = &[
    "width",
    "height",
    "initial_population",
    "initial_young_adults",
    "initial_rabbits",
    "initial_wolves",
    "initial_food",
    "initial_person_hunger",
    "initial_animal_energy",
    "animal_energy_death_threshold",
    "starting_tick_fraction",
    "population_capacity",
    "house_capacity",
    "max_houses",
    "daylight_night_threshold",
    "daylight_base",
    "daylight_amplitude",
    "home_radius",
    "attack_range",
    "entity_update_interval",
    "hunger_night_at_home",
    "hunger_other",
    "hunger_eat_home_threshold",
    "hunger_eat_carried_threshold",
    "hunger_return_threshold",
    "hunger_starvation_threshold",
    "hunger_meal_reduction",
    "food_per_meal",
    "resource_search_radius",
    "person_hunt_success_chance",
    "person_hunt_food_yield",
    "person_gather_yield",
    "person_tooled_gather_yield",
    "partnership_distance",
    "birth_food_threshold",
    "birth_food_cost",
    "tool_wood_cost",
    "tool_stone_cost",
    "house_wood_cost",
    "house_stone_cost",
    "house_placement_radius",
    "resource_regrow_attempts",
    "initial_tree_chance",
    "initial_tree_amount",
    "initial_berry_chance",
    "initial_berry_amount",
    "initial_stone_chance",
    "initial_stone_amount",
    "tree_regrow_chance",
    "tree_regrow_amount",
    "berry_regrow_chance",
    "berry_regrow_amount",
    "stone_regrow_chance",
    "stone_regrow_amount",
    "animal_population_interval",
    "rabbit_spawn_cap",
    "wolf_spawn_cap",
    "wolf_spawn_rabbit_threshold",
    "wolf_min_home_distance",
    "rabbit_energy_drain",
    "rabbit_energy_regen",
    "rabbit_energy_max",
    "rabbit_wolf_detection_range",
    "rabbit_breed_energy",
    "rabbit_max_population",
    "rabbit_breed_chance",
    "rabbit_breed_energy_cost",
    "rabbit_newborn_energy",
    "wolf_energy_drain",
    "wolf_prey_range",
    "wolf_hunt_success_chance",
    "wolf_hunt_energy_gain",
    "wolf_energy_max",
    "wolf_breed_energy",
    "wolf_max_population",
    "wolf_breed_chance",
    "wolf_breed_energy_cost",
    "wolf_newborn_energy",
    "terrain_noise_octaves",
    "terrain_noise_scale",
    "terrain_edge_height",
    "terrain_edge_falloff",
    "terrain_edge_distance_cap",
    "terrain_moisture_offset",
    "terrain_moisture_seed_offset",
    "terrain_deep_water_threshold",
    "terrain_water_threshold",
    "terrain_sand_threshold",
    "terrain_forest_grass_threshold",
    "terrain_hills_threshold",
    "terrain_forest_moisture_threshold",
    "random_land_attempts",
    "log_entry_limit",
    "wander_attempts",
    "wander_radius",
    "manual_spawn_limit",
    "max_simulation_speed",
    "max_stock_edit",
    "max_person_inventory_edit",
    "max_hunger_edit",
    "max_animal_energy_edit",
    "max_resource_edit",
];

const CONFIG_ACCESSOR: &str = "__sim_config";

/// Rune does not expose unit constants to the host, so a generated function
/// gathers the script's `pub const` items into one object.
fn config_accessor_source() -> String {
    let fields = |names: &[&str]| {
        names
            .iter()
            .map(|name| format!("{name}: {}", name.to_uppercase()))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ")
    };
    format!(
        "pub fn {CONFIG_ACCESSOR}() {{ #{{ {}, calendar: #{{ {} }} }} }}",
        fields(CONFIG_FIELDS),
        fields(CALENDAR_FIELDS)
    )
}

/// A compiled simulation script: `pub const` defaults plus `pub fn` behaviours.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct SimScript {
    source: String,
    config: SimulationConfig,
    runtime: Arc<RuntimeContext>,
    unit: Arc<Unit>,
}

impl SimScript {
    /// Compiles the script, reads and validates its constants, and smoke-tests
    /// every behaviour so errors surface at load time.
    pub fn load(src: &str) -> Result<Self, String> {
        let mut module = Module::new();
        module.ty::<Ctx>().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        let mut context = Context::with_default_modules().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        context.install(module).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        let mut sources = Sources::new();
        for (name, text) in [
            ("config", src.to_string()),
            ("generated", config_accessor_source()),
        ] {
            sources
                .insert(Source::new(name, text).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?)
                .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        }
        let mut diagnostics = Diagnostics::new();
        let unit = rune::prepare(&mut sources)
            .with_context(&context)
            .with_diagnostics(&mut diagnostics)
            .build();
        let unit = match unit {
            Ok(unit) => unit,
            Err(_) => {
                let mut buffer = Buffer::no_color();
                let _ = diagnostics.emit(&mut buffer, &sources);
                return Err(String::from_utf8_lossy(buffer.as_slice()).into_owned());
            }
        };
        let runtime = Arc::new(context.runtime().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?);
        let unit = Arc::new(unit);
        let mut vm = Vm::new(Arc::clone(&runtime), Arc::clone(&unit));
        let value = vm
            .call([CONFIG_ACCESSOR], ())
            .map_err(|e| format!("reading constants: {e}"))?;
        let config = rune::from_value::<SimulationConfig>(value)
            .map_err(|e| format!("invalid constant: {e}"))?;
        config.validate()?;
        for f in ["person", "rabbit", "wolf"] {
            let v = vm
                .call([f], (Ctx::default(),))
                .map_err(|e| format!("{f}(): {e}"))?;
            rune::from_value::<String>(v).map_err(|_| format!("{f}() must return a string"))?;
        }
        Ok(Self {
            source: src.to_string(),
            config,
            runtime,
            unit,
        })
    }

    pub fn source(&self) -> &str {
        &self.source
    }

    fn vm(&self) -> Vm {
        Vm::new(Arc::clone(&self.runtime), Arc::clone(&self.unit))
    }
}

fn default_script() -> SimScript {
    static SCRIPT: OnceLock<SimScript> = OnceLock::new();
    SCRIPT
        .get_or_init(|| SimScript::load(DEFAULT_SCRIPT).expect("config.rn failed to load"))
        .clone()
}

fn default_config() -> SimulationConfig {
    default_script().config
}

impl CalendarSettings {
    fn duration(&self, stage: &str) -> Option<&StageDuration> {
        match stage {
            "toddler" => Some(&self.toddler),
            "child" => Some(&self.child),
            "teen" => Some(&self.teen),
            "young_adult" => Some(&self.young_adult),
            "adult" => Some(&self.adult),
            "older_adult" => Some(&self.older_adult),
            "elderly" => Some(&self.elderly),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    fn normalize(&mut self) {
        self.ticks_per_day = self.ticks_per_day.clamp(1, 1_000_000);
        self.days_per_week = self.days_per_week.clamp(1, 100);
        self.weeks_per_month = self.weeks_per_month.clamp(1, 100);
        self.months_per_year = self.months_per_year.clamp(1, 100);
        for stage in [
            "toddler",
            "child",
            "teen",
            "young_adult",
            "adult",
            "older_adult",
            "elderly",
        ] {
            let range = self.duration_mut(stage).expect("known life stage");
            range.min_days = range.min_days.clamp(1, 1_000_000);
            range.max_days = range.max_days.clamp(range.min_days, 1_000_000);
        }
    }

    fn duration_mut(&mut self, stage: &str) -> Option<&mut StageDuration> {
        match stage {
            "toddler" => Some(&mut self.toddler),
            "child" => Some(&mut self.child),
            "teen" => Some(&mut self.teen),
            "young_adult" => Some(&mut self.young_adult),
            "adult" => Some(&mut self.adult),
            "older_adult" => Some(&mut self.older_adult),
            "elderly" => Some(&mut self.elderly),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[serde(rename_all = "snake_case")]
enum LifeStage {
    #[default]
    Toddler,
    Child,
    Teen,
    YoungAdult,
    Adult,
    OlderAdult,
    Elderly,
    Dead,
}

impl LifeStage {
    fn next(self) -> Option<Self> {
        match self {
            Self::Toddler => Some(Self::Child),
            Self::Child => Some(Self::Teen),
            Self::Teen => Some(Self::YoungAdult),
            Self::YoungAdult => Some(Self::Adult),
            Self::Adult => Some(Self::OlderAdult),
            Self::OlderAdult => Some(Self::Elderly),
            Self::Elderly => Some(Self::Dead),
            Self::Dead => None,
        }
    }

    fn key(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            Self::Toddler => "toddler",
            Self::Child => "child",
            Self::Teen => "teen",
            Self::YoungAdult => "young_adult",
            Self::Adult => "adult",
            Self::OlderAdult => "older_adult",
            Self::Elderly => "elderly",
            Self::Dead => "dead",
        }
    }

    fn can_partner(self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self,
            Self::YoungAdult | Self::Adult | Self::OlderAdult | Self::Elderly
        )
    }
}

const WATER_DEEP: u8 = 0;
const WATER: u8 = 1;
const SAND: u8 = 2;
const GRASS: u8 = 3;
const FOREST: u8 = 4;
const HILLS: u8 = 5;
const MOUNTAIN: u8 = 6;

const TREE: u8 = 1;
const BERRY: u8 = 2;
const STONE: u8 = 3;
pub struct Rng(u64);

impl Rng {
    fn next(&mut self) -> u64 {
        let mut x = self.0;
        x ^= x >> 12;
        x ^= x << 25;
        x ^= x >> 27;
        self.0 = x;
        x.wrapping_mul(0x2545F4914F6CDD1D)
    }
    fn f(&mut self) -> f32 {
        (self.next() >> 40) as f32 / (1u64 << 24) as f32
    }
    fn chance(&mut self, p: f32) -> bool {
        self.f() < p
    }
    fn below(&mut self, n: usize) -> usize {
        (self.next() % n as u64) as usize
    }
}

fn hash(x: i32, y: i32, seed: u64) -> f32 {
    let mut h = (x as u64).wrapping_mul(0x9E3779B97F4A7C15)
        ^ (y as u64).wrapping_mul(0xC2B2AE3D27D4EB4F)
        ^ seed.wrapping_mul(0x165667B19E3779F9);
    h ^= h >> 33;
    h = h.wrapping_mul(0xFF51AFD7ED558CCD);
    h ^= h >> 33;
    (h >> 40) as f32 / (1u64 << 24) as f32
}

fn value_noise(x: f32, y: f32, seed: u64) -> f32 {
    let (xi, yi) = (x.floor() as i32, y.floor() as i32);
    let (fx, fy) = (x - xi as f32, y - yi as f32);
    let s = |t: f32| t * t * (3.0 - 2.0 * t);
    let (u, v) = (s(fx), s(fy));
    let a = hash(xi, yi, seed);
    let b = hash(xi + 1, yi, seed);
    let c = hash(xi, yi + 1, seed);
    let d = hash(xi + 1, yi + 1, seed);
    let top = a + (b - a) * u;
    let bot = c + (d - c) * u;
    top + (bot - top) * v
}

fn fbm(x: f32, y: f32, seed: u64, octaves: usize, scale: f32) -> f32 {
    let (mut sum, mut amp, mut freq, mut norm) = (0.0, 1.0, 1.0 / scale, 0.0);
    for o in 0..octaves {
        sum += amp * value_noise(x * freq, y * freq, seed + o as u64);
        norm += amp;
        amp *= 0.5;
        freq *= 2.0;
    }
    sum / norm
}

/// What an entity senses this tick; passed to the Rune behaviour scripts.
#[derive(Any, Default, Clone)]
struct Ctx {
    #[rune(get)]
    night: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    at_home: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    hunger: f64,
    #[rune(get)]
    carry: i64,
    #[rune(get)]
    carried_food: i64,
    #[rune(get)]
    stock_food: i64,
    #[rune(get)]
    stock_wood: i64,
    #[rune(get)]
    stock_stone: i64,
    #[rune(get)]
    berry_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    tree_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    stone_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    rabbit_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    wolf_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    prey_near: bool,
    #[rune(get)]
    roll: f64,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Person {
    #[serde(skip)]
    actor_id: u64,
    id: u32,
    x: usize,
    y: usize,
    hunger: f32,
    food: u32,
    wood: u32,
    stone: u32,
    action: String,
    dead: bool,
    #[serde(default)]
    age_ticks: u64,
    #[serde(default)]
    stage: LifeStage,
    #[serde(default)]
    stage_elapsed_ticks: u64,
    #[serde(default = "default_stage_duration_days")]
    stage_duration_days: u32,
    #[serde(default)]
    partner_id: Option<u32>,
}

fn default_stage_duration_days() -> u32 {
    1
}

impl Person {
    fn carry(&self) -> u32 {
        self.food + self.wood + self.stone
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Animal {
    #[serde(skip)]
    actor_id: u64,
    x: usize,
    y: usize,
    energy: f32,
    dead: bool,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum EntityKind {
    Person(Person),
    Rabbit(Animal),
    Wolf(Animal),
    Partnership(Partnership),
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Partnership {
    id: u32,
    first_person_id: u32,
    second_person_id: u32,
    formed_tick: u64,
    last_birth_tick: u64,
    #[serde(skip)]
    actor_id: u64,
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct EntityState {
    id: u64,
    kind: EntityKind,
}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum EntityMessage {
    Read(SyncSender<EntityState>),
    Write(EntityState, SyncSender<()>),
}

struct EntityActor {
    state: EntityState,
}

impl ActorFactoryArgs<EntityState> for EntityActor {
    fn create_args(state: EntityState) -> Self {
        Self { state }
    }
}

impl Actor for EntityActor {
    type Msg = EntityMessage;

    fn recv(&mut self, _ctx: &ActorContext<Self::Msg>, msg: Self::Msg, _sender: Sender) {
        match msg {
            EntityMessage::Read(reply) => {
                let _ = reply.send(self.state.clone());
            }
            EntityMessage::Write(state, reply) => {
                self.state = state;
                let _ = reply.send(());
            }
        }
    }
}

pub struct World {
    seed: u64,
    width: usize,
    height: usize,
    tiles: Vec<u8>,
    res: Vec<(u8, u16)>,
    people: Vec<Person>,
    rabbits: Vec<Animal>,
    wolves: Vec<Animal>,
    partnerships: Vec<Partnership>,
    next_partnership_id: u32,
    actor_system: ActorSystem,
    entities: HashMap<u64, ActorRef<EntityMessage>>,
    next_actor_id: u64,
    houses: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    home: (usize, usize),
    food: u32,
    wood: u32,
    stone: u32,
    tools: u32,
    rng: Rng,
    tick: u64,
    next_id: u32,
    log: Vec<String>,
    script: SimScript,
    vm: Vm,
    pub paused: bool,
    pub speed: u32,
    pub terrain_rev: u32,
    calendar: CalendarSettings,
    config: SimulationConfig,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct WorldSnapshot {
    version: u32,
    seed: Option<u64>,
    #[serde(default = "default_width")]
    width: usize,
    #[serde(default = "default_height")]
    height: usize,
    tiles: Vec<u8>,
    res: Vec<(u8, u16)>,
    people: Vec<Person>,
    rabbits: Vec<Animal>,
    wolves: Vec<Animal>,
    houses: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
    home: (usize, usize),
    food: u32,
    wood: u32,
    stone: u32,
    tools: u32,
    rng: u64,
    tick: u64,
    next_id: u32,
    log: Vec<String>,
    paused: bool,
    speed: u32,
    terrain_rev: u32,
    #[serde(default)]
    calendar: CalendarSettings,
    #[serde(default)]
    partnerships: Vec<Partnership>,
    #[serde(default = "default_next_partnership_id")]
    next_partnership_id: u32,
}

fn default_next_partnership_id() -> u32 {
    1
}

fn default_width() -> usize {
    W
}

fn default_height() -> usize {
    H
}

fn cheb(a: (usize, usize), b: (usize, usize)) -> usize {
    a.0.abs_diff(b.0).max(a.1.abs_diff(b.1))
}

impl World {
    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn new(seed: u64) -> World {
        Self::new_with_script(seed, default_script())
    }

    pub fn new_with_script(seed: u64, script: SimScript) -> World {
        let config = script.config.clone();
        let (width, height) = (config.width, config.height);
        let mut tiles = vec![0u8; width * height];
        for y in 0..height {
            for x in 0..width {
                let dx = (x as f32 / width as f32 - 0.5) * 2.0;
                let dy = (y as f32 / height as f32 - 0.5) * 2.0;
                let d = (dx * dx + dy * dy).min(config.terrain_edge_distance_cap);
                let h = fbm(
                    x as f32,
                    y as f32,
                    seed,
                    config.terrain_noise_octaves,
                    config.terrain_noise_scale,
                ) + config.terrain_edge_height
                    - config.terrain_edge_falloff * d;
                let m = fbm(
                    x as f32 + config.terrain_moisture_offset,
                    y as f32 + config.terrain_moisture_offset,
                    seed.wrapping_add(config.terrain_moisture_seed_offset),
                    config.terrain_noise_octaves,
                    config.terrain_noise_scale,
                );
                tiles[y * width + x] = if h < config.terrain_deep_water_threshold {
                    WATER_DEEP
                } else if h < config.terrain_water_threshold {
                    WATER
                } else if h < config.terrain_sand_threshold {
                    SAND
                } else if h < config.terrain_forest_grass_threshold {
                    if m > config.terrain_forest_moisture_threshold {
                        FOREST
                    } else {
                        GRASS
                    }
                } else if h < config.terrain_hills_threshold {
                    HILLS
                } else {
                    MOUNTAIN
                };
            }
        }
        let mut w = World {
            seed,
            width,
            height,
            tiles,
            res: vec![(0, 0); width * height],
            people: vec![],
            rabbits: vec![],
            wolves: vec![],
            partnerships: vec![],
            next_partnership_id: 1,
            actor_system: ActorSystem::new().expect("failed to start Picard actor system"),
            entities: HashMap::new(),
            next_actor_id: 1,
            houses: vec![],
            home: (width / 2, height / 2),
            food: config.initial_food,
            wood: 0,
            stone: 0,
            tools: 0,
            rng: Rng(seed.wrapping_mul(0x9E3779B97F4A7C15) | 1),
            tick: (config.calendar.ticks_per_day / config.starting_tick_fraction).max(1),
            next_id: 1,
            log: vec![],
            vm: script.vm(),
            script,
            paused: false,
            speed: 1,
            terrain_rev: 0,
            calendar: config.calendar.clone(),
            config,
        };
        w.home = w
            .find_land(GRASS)
            .unwrap_or_else(|| w.find_land(SAND).unwrap_or((width / 2, height / 2)));
        for i in 0..width * height {
            let r = w.rng.f();
            w.res[i] = match w.tiles[i] {
                FOREST if r < w.config.initial_tree_chance => (TREE, w.config.initial_tree_amount),
                GRASS if r < w.config.initial_berry_chance => {
                    (BERRY, w.config.initial_berry_amount)
                }
                HILLS if r < w.config.initial_stone_chance => {
                    (STONE, w.config.initial_stone_amount)
                }
                _ => (0, 0),
            };
        }
        let (hx, hy) = w.home;
        w.res[hy * width + hx] = (0, 0);
        for i in 0..w.config.initial_population {
            w.spawn_person();
            let stage = if i < w.config.initial_young_adults {
                LifeStage::YoungAdult
            } else {
                LifeStage::Adult
            };
            let duration_days = w.sample_stage_duration(stage);
            let prior_stages = match stage {
                LifeStage::YoungAdult => {
                    [LifeStage::Toddler, LifeStage::Child, LifeStage::Teen].as_slice()
                }
                LifeStage::Adult => [
                    LifeStage::Toddler,
                    LifeStage::Child,
                    LifeStage::Teen,
                    LifeStage::YoungAdult,
                ]
                .as_slice(),
                _ => &[],
            };
            let age_days: u64 = prior_stages
                .iter()
                .map(|&past_stage| w.sample_stage_duration(past_stage) as u64)
                .sum();
            let person = w.people.last_mut().expect("just spawned person");
            person.stage = stage;
            person.stage_duration_days = duration_days;
            person.age_ticks = age_days * w.calendar.ticks_per_day;
        }
        for _ in 0..w.config.initial_rabbits {
            if let Some(p) = w.random_land() {
                w.rabbits.push(Animal {
                    actor_id: 0,
                    x: p.0,
                    y: p.1,
                    energy: w.config.initial_animal_energy,
                    dead: false,
                });
            }
        }
        for _ in 0..w.config.initial_wolves {
            if let Some(p) = w.random_land()
                && cheb(p, w.home) > w.config.wolf_min_home_distance
            {
                w.wolves.push(Animal {
                    actor_id: 0,
                    x: p.0,
                    y: p.1,
                    energy: w.config.initial_animal_energy,
                    dead: false,
                });
            }
        }
        w.sync_entities();
        w
    }

    fn read_entities(actors: &HashMap<u64, ActorRef<EntityMessage>>) -> Vec<EntityState> {
        let replies: Vec<_> = actors
            .values()
            .map(|actor| {
                let (reply, result) = sync_channel(1);
                actor.tell(EntityMessage::Read(reply), None);
                result
            })
            .collect();
        let mut states: Vec<_> = replies
            .into_iter()
            .map(|reply| {
                reply
                    .recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
                    .expect("Picard entity actor did not respond to read")
            })
            .collect();
        states.sort_by_key(|state| state.id);
        states
    }

    fn load_entities(&mut self) {
        let states = Self::read_entities(&self.entities);
        self.people.clear();
        self.rabbits.clear();
        self.wolves.clear();
        self.partnerships.clear();
        for state in states {
            match state.kind {
                EntityKind::Person(person) => self.people.push(person),
                EntityKind::Rabbit(animal) => self.rabbits.push(animal),
                EntityKind::Wolf(animal) => self.wolves.push(animal),
                EntityKind::Partnership(partnership) => self.partnerships.push(partnership),
            }
        }
    }

    fn sync_entities(&mut self) {
        for person in &mut self.people {
            if person.actor_id == 0 {
                person.actor_id = self.next_actor_id;
                self.next_actor_id += 1;
            }
        }
        for animal in self.rabbits.iter_mut().chain(self.wolves.iter_mut()) {
            if animal.actor_id == 0 {
                animal.actor_id = self.next_actor_id;
                self.next_actor_id += 1;
            }
        }
        for partnership in &mut self.partnerships {
            if partnership.actor_id == 0 {
                partnership.actor_id = self.next_actor_id;
                self.next_actor_id += 1;
            }
        }

        let states = self
            .people
            .iter()
            .cloned()
            .map(|person| EntityState {
                id: person.actor_id,
                kind: EntityKind::Person(person),
            })
            .chain(self.rabbits.iter().cloned().map(|animal| EntityState {
                id: animal.actor_id,
                kind: EntityKind::Rabbit(animal),
            }))
            .chain(self.wolves.iter().cloned().map(|animal| EntityState {
                id: animal.actor_id,
                kind: EntityKind::Wolf(animal),
            }))
            .chain(
                self.partnerships
                    .iter()
                    .cloned()
                    .map(|partnership| EntityState {
                        id: partnership.actor_id,
                        kind: EntityKind::Partnership(partnership),
                    }),
            );
        let mut active = HashSet::new();
        for state in states {
            active.insert(state.id);
            if let Some(actor) = self.entities.get(&state.id) {
                let (reply, result) = sync_channel(1);
                actor.tell(EntityMessage::Write(state, reply), None);
                result
                    .recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
                    .expect("Picard entity actor did not respond to write");
            } else {
                let id = state.id;
                let name = format!("entity-{id}");
                let actor = self
                    .actor_system
                    .actor_of_args::<EntityActor, _>(&name, state)
                    .expect("failed to create Picard entity actor");
                self.entities.insert(id, actor);
            }
        }
        self.entities.retain(|id, actor| {
            if active.contains(id) {
                true
            } else {
                actor.stop();
                false
            }
        });
    }

    fn find_land(&self, kind: u8) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        let c = (self.width / 2, self.height / 2);
        let mut best: Option<(usize, usize)> = None;
        for y in 0..self.height {
            for x in 0..self.width {
                if self.tiles[y * self.width + x] == kind
                    && best.is_none_or(|b| cheb((x, y), c) < cheb(b, c))
                {
                    best = Some((x, y));
                }
            }
        }
        best
    }

    fn random_land(&mut self) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        for _ in 0..self.config.random_land_attempts {
            let (x, y) = (self.rng.below(self.width), self.rng.below(self.height));
            if self.walkable(x as i32, y as i32) {
                return Some((x, y));
            }
        }
        None
    }

    fn spawn_person(&mut self) {
        self.spawn_person_at(self.home);
    }

    fn spawn_person_at(&mut self, (x, y): (usize, usize)) {
        let stage_duration_days = self.sample_stage_duration(LifeStage::Toddler);
        self.people.push(Person {
            actor_id: 0,
            id: self.next_id,
            x,
            y,
            hunger: self.config.initial_person_hunger,
            food: 0,
            wood: 0,
            stone: 0,
            action: "idle".to_string(),
            dead: false,
            age_ticks: 0,
            stage: LifeStage::Toddler,
            stage_elapsed_ticks: 0,
            stage_duration_days,
            partner_id: None,
        });
        self.next_id += 1;
    }

    fn sample_stage_duration(&mut self, stage: LifeStage) -> u32 {
        let duration = match stage {
            LifeStage::Toddler => self.calendar.toddler,
            LifeStage::Child => self.calendar.child,
            LifeStage::Teen => self.calendar.teen,
            LifeStage::YoungAdult => self.calendar.young_adult,
            LifeStage::Adult => self.calendar.adult,
            LifeStage::OlderAdult => self.calendar.older_adult,
            LifeStage::Elderly => self.calendar.elderly,
            LifeStage::Dead => StageDuration {
                min_days: 1,
                max_days: 1,
                fertile: false,
            },
        };
        let range = duration.max_days - duration.min_days + 1;
        duration.min_days + self.rng.below(range as usize) as u32
    }

    fn say(&mut self, s: String) {
        self.log.push(format!(
            "[day {}] {}",
            self.tick / self.calendar.ticks_per_day + 1,
            s
        ));
        if self.log.len() > self.config.log_entry_limit {
            self.log.remove(0);
        }
    }

    pub fn daylight(&self) -> f32 {
        let ticks_per_day = self.calendar.ticks_per_day;
        let phase = (self.tick % ticks_per_day) as f32 / ticks_per_day as f32;
        let v = -(phase * std::f32::consts::TAU).cos();
        (self.config.daylight_base + v * self.config.daylight_amplitude).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
    }

    fn walkable(&self, x: i32, y: i32) -> bool {
        if x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= self.width as i32 || y >= self.height as i32 {
            return false;
        }
        matches!(
            self.tiles[y as usize * self.width + x as usize],
            SAND | GRASS | FOREST | HILLS
        )
    }

    fn move_dir(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32) -> (usize, usize) {
        for (a, b) in [(dx, dy), (dx, 0), (0, dy)] {
            if (a, b) != (0, 0) && self.walkable(x as i32 + a, y as i32 + b) {
                return ((x as i32 + a) as usize, (y as i32 + b) as usize);
            }
        }
        self.wander(x, y)
    }

    fn wander(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
        let radius = self.config.wander_radius as i32;
        let diameter = self.config.wander_radius * 2 + 1;
        for _ in 0..self.config.wander_attempts {
            let (a, b) = (
                self.rng.below(diameter) as i32 - radius,
                self.rng.below(diameter) as i32 - radius,
            );
            if (a, b) != (0, 0) && self.walkable(x as i32 + a, y as i32 + b) {
                return ((x as i32 + a) as usize, (y as i32 + b) as usize);
            }
        }
        (x, y)
    }

    fn move_toward(&mut self, from: (usize, usize), to: (usize, usize)) -> (usize, usize) {
        if from == to {
            return from;
        }

        let start = from.1 * self.width + from.0;
        let target = to.1 * self.width + to.0;
        let mut frontier = BinaryHeap::from([Reverse((cheb(from, to), start))]);
        let mut costs = vec![usize::MAX; self.width * self.height];
        let mut previous = vec![usize::MAX; self.width * self.height];
        costs[start] = 0;
        previous[start] = start;

        while let Some(Reverse((_, current))) = frontier.pop() {
            if current == target {
                let mut next = target;
                while previous[next] != start {
                    next = previous[next];
                }
                return (next % self.width, next / self.width);
            }

            let position = (current % self.width, current / self.width);
            for dy in -1..=1 {
                for dx in -1..=1 {
                    if (dx, dy) == (0, 0) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    let x = position.0 as i32 + dx;
                    let y = position.1 as i32 + dy;
                    if !self.walkable(x, y) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    let neighbor = y as usize * self.width + x as usize;
                    let cost = costs[current] + 1;
                    if cost >= costs[neighbor] {
                        continue;
                    }
                    costs[neighbor] = cost;
                    previous[neighbor] = current;
                    frontier.push(Reverse((
                        cost + cheb((x as usize, y as usize), to),
                        neighbor,
                    )));
                }
            }
        }

        self.wander(from.0, from.1)
    }

    fn nearest_res(&self, from: (usize, usize), kind: u8, r: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
        let mut best: Option<(usize, usize)> = None;
        let (x0, x1) = (
            from.0.saturating_sub(r),
            from.0.saturating_add(r).min(self.width - 1),
        );
        let (y0, y1) = (
            from.1.saturating_sub(r),
            from.1.saturating_add(r).min(self.height - 1),
        );
        for y in y0..=y1 {
            for x in x0..=x1 {
                if self.res[y * self.width + x].0 == kind
                    && best.is_none_or(|b| cheb((x, y), from) < cheb(b, from))
                {
                    best = Some((x, y));
                }
            }
        }
        best
    }

    fn nearest_animal(list: &[Animal], from: (usize, usize), r: usize) -> Option<usize> {
        let mut best: Option<(usize, usize)> = None;
        for (i, a) in list.iter().enumerate() {
            let d = cheb((a.x, a.y), from);
            if !a.dead && d <= r && best.is_none_or(|(_, bd)| d < bd) {
                best = Some((i, d));
            }
        }
        best.map(|b| b.0)
    }

    pub fn step(&mut self) {
        self.load_entities();
        self.tick += 1;
        self.regrow();
        self.advance_people();
        if self.tick.is_multiple_of(self.config.entity_update_interval) {
            for i in 0..self.people.len() {
                self.tick_person(i);
            }
            for i in 0..self.rabbits.len() {
                self.tick_rabbit(i);
            }
        } else {
            for i in 0..self.wolves.len() {
                self.tick_wolf(i);
            }
        }
        self.people.retain(|p| !p.dead);
        self.rabbits.retain(|a| !a.dead);
        self.wolves.retain(|a| !a.dead);
        self.prune_partnerships();
        self.population();
        self.sync_entities();
    }

    fn advance_people(&mut self) {
        let mut notices = Vec::new();
        for i in 0..self.people.len() {
            if self.people[i].dead {
                continue;
            }
            self.people[i].age_ticks = self.people[i].age_ticks.saturating_add(1);
            self.people[i].stage_elapsed_ticks =
                self.people[i].stage_elapsed_ticks.saturating_add(1);
            let duration_ticks =
                self.people[i].stage_duration_days as u64 * self.calendar.ticks_per_day;
            if self.people[i].stage_elapsed_ticks < duration_ticks {
                continue;
            }

            let person_id = self.people[i].id;
            if let Some(next) = self.people[i].stage.next() {
                self.people[i].stage = next;
                self.people[i].stage_elapsed_ticks = 0;
                if next == LifeStage::Dead {
                    self.people[i].dead = true;
                    notices.push(format!("Person #{person_id} died of old age"));
                } else {
                    self.people[i].stage_duration_days = self.sample_stage_duration(next);
                    notices.push(format!(
                        "Person #{person_id} became a {}",
                        next.key().replace('_', " ")
                    ));
                }
            } else {
                self.people[i].dead = true;
                notices.push(format!("Person #{person_id} died of old age"));
            }
        }
        for notice in notices {
            self.say(notice);
        }
    }

    fn prune_partnerships(&mut self) {
        let alive: HashSet<u32> = self.people.iter().map(|person| person.id).collect();
        self.partnerships.retain(|partnership| {
            alive.contains(&partnership.first_person_id)
                && alive.contains(&partnership.second_person_id)
        });
        let partnered: HashSet<(u32, u32)> = self
            .partnerships
            .iter()
            .map(|partnership| (partnership.first_person_id, partnership.second_person_id))
            .flat_map(|(first, second)| [(first, second), (second, first)])
            .collect();
        for person in &mut self.people {
            if person
                .partner_id
                .is_some_and(|partner| !partnered.contains(&(person.id, partner)))
            {
                person.partner_id = None;
            }
        }
    }

    fn regrow(&mut self) {
        for _ in 0..self.config.resource_regrow_attempts {
            let i = self.rng.below(self.width * self.height);
            if self.res[i].0 != 0 {
                continue;
            }
            let p = self.rng.f();
            match self.tiles[i] {
                FOREST if p < self.config.tree_regrow_chance => {
                    self.res[i] = (TREE, self.config.tree_regrow_amount)
                }
                GRASS if p < self.config.berry_regrow_chance => {
                    self.res[i] = (BERRY, self.config.berry_regrow_amount)
                }
                HILLS if p < self.config.stone_regrow_chance => {
                    self.res[i] = (STONE, self.config.stone_regrow_amount)
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    }

    fn population(&mut self) {
        let ticks_per_day = self.calendar.ticks_per_day;
        if self.tick.is_multiple_of(ticks_per_day) {
            self.find_partners();
        }
        let ticks_per_week = ticks_per_day * self.calendar.days_per_week as u64;
        if self.tick.is_multiple_of(ticks_per_week) {
            self.have_children(ticks_per_week);
        }
        if self
            .tick
            .is_multiple_of(self.config.animal_population_interval)
        {
            if self.rabbits.len() < self.config.rabbit_spawn_cap
                && let Some(p) = self.random_land()
            {
                self.rabbits.push(Animal {
                    actor_id: 0,
                    x: p.0,
                    y: p.1,
                    energy: self.config.initial_animal_energy,
                    dead: false,
                });
            }
            if self.wolves.len() < self.config.wolf_spawn_cap
                && self.rabbits.len() > self.config.wolf_spawn_rabbit_threshold
                && let Some(p) = self.random_land()
                && cheb(p, self.home) > self.config.wolf_min_home_distance
            {
                self.wolves.push(Animal {
                    actor_id: 0,
                    x: p.0,
                    y: p.1,
                    energy: self.config.initial_animal_energy,
                    dead: false,
                });
            }
        }
    }

    fn find_partners(&mut self) {
        let ticks_per_week = self.calendar.ticks_per_day * self.calendar.days_per_week as u64;
        for first in 0..self.people.len() {
            if self.people[first].partner_id.is_some()
                || !self.people[first].stage.can_partner()
                || self.people[first].dead
            {
                continue;
            }
            let first_position = (self.people[first].x, self.people[first].y);
            let second = (0..self.people.len())
                .filter(|&index| {
                    index != first
                        && self.people[index].partner_id.is_none()
                        && self.people[index].stage.can_partner()
                        && !self.people[index].dead
                })
                .filter_map(|index| {
                    let distance =
                        cheb(first_position, (self.people[index].x, self.people[index].y));
                    (distance <= self.config.partnership_distance).then_some((index, distance))
                })
                .min_by_key(|(_, distance)| *distance)
                .map(|(index, _)| index);
            let Some(second) = second else {
                continue;
            };
            let first_id = self.people[first].id;
            let second_id = self.people[second].id;
            self.people[first].partner_id = Some(second_id);
            self.people[second].partner_id = Some(first_id);
            self.partnerships.push(Partnership {
                id: self.next_partnership_id,
                first_person_id: first_id,
                second_person_id: second_id,
                formed_tick: self.tick,
                last_birth_tick: self.tick / ticks_per_week * ticks_per_week,
                actor_id: 0,
            });
            self.next_partnership_id += 1;
            self.say(format!(
                "People #{first_id} and #{second_id} became partners"
            ));
        }
    }

    fn have_children(&mut self, birth_interval_ticks: u64) {
        if self.food < self.config.birth_food_threshold
            || self.people.len() >= self.population_capacity()
        {
            return;
        }
        let partnerships: Vec<_> = self
            .partnerships
            .iter()
            .map(|partnership| {
                (
                    partnership.id,
                    partnership.first_person_id,
                    partnership.second_person_id,
                    partnership.last_birth_tick,
                )
            })
            .collect();
        for (partnership_id, first_id, second_id, last_birth_tick) in partnerships {
            if self.food < self.config.birth_food_threshold
                || self.people.len() >= self.population_capacity()
            {
                break;
            }
            if self.tick.saturating_sub(last_birth_tick) < birth_interval_ticks {
                continue;
            }
            let Some(first_index) = self.people.iter().position(|p| p.id == first_id) else {
                continue;
            };
            let Some(second_index) = self.people.iter().position(|p| p.id == second_id) else {
                continue;
            };
            let first_stage = self.people[first_index].stage;
            let second_stage = self.people[second_index].stage;
            let can_have_children = self
                .calendar
                .duration(first_stage.key())
                .is_some_and(|duration| duration.fertile)
                && self
                    .calendar
                    .duration(second_stage.key())
                    .is_some_and(|duration| duration.fertile);
            if !can_have_children {
                continue;
            }

            self.food -= self.config.birth_food_cost;
            self.spawn_person_at(self.home);
            if let Some(partnership) = self
                .partnerships
                .iter_mut()
                .find(|partnership| partnership.id == partnership_id)
            {
                partnership.last_birth_tick = self.tick;
            }
            self.say(format!(
                "People #{first_id} and #{second_id} welcomed a toddler"
            ));
        }
    }

    fn population_capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.config.population_capacity + self.houses.len() * self.config.house_capacity
    }

    fn decide(&mut self, func: &str, c: Ctx) -> String {
        match self.vm.call([func], (c,)) {
            Ok(v) => rune::from_value::<String>(v).unwrap_or_else(|_| "wander".into()),
            Err(e) => {
                eprintln!("script error in {func}: {e}");
                "wander".into()
            }
        }
    }

    fn tick_person(&mut self, i: usize) {
        let mut p = self.people[i].clone();
        if p.dead {
            return;
        }
        let night = self.daylight() < self.config.daylight_night_threshold;
        let pos = (p.x, p.y);
        let home = self.home;
        let at_home = cheb(pos, home) <= self.config.home_radius;
        p.hunger += if night && at_home {
            self.config.hunger_night_at_home
        } else {
            self.config.hunger_other
        };
        if at_home {
            self.food += p.food;
            self.wood += p.wood;
            self.stone += p.stone;
            p.food = 0;
            p.wood = 0;
            p.stone = 0;
            if p.hunger > self.config.hunger_eat_home_threshold
                && self.food >= self.config.food_per_meal
            {
                self.food -= self.config.food_per_meal;
                p.hunger = (p.hunger - self.config.hunger_meal_reduction).max(0.0);
            }
            self.craft_and_build();
        }
        if p.hunger > self.config.hunger_eat_carried_threshold
            && p.food >= self.config.food_per_meal
        {
            p.food -= self.config.food_per_meal;
            p.hunger = (p.hunger - self.config.hunger_meal_reduction).max(0.0);
        }
        if p.hunger >= self.config.hunger_starvation_threshold {
            p.dead = true;
            self.say(format!("Person #{} starved", p.id));
            self.people[i] = p;
            return;
        }
        if p.hunger > self.config.hunger_return_threshold && self.food > 0 && !at_home {
            (p.x, p.y) = self.move_toward(pos, home);
            p.action = "returning for food".to_string();
            self.people[i] = p;
            return;
        }
        if !p.stage.can_partner() {
            if !at_home {
                (p.x, p.y) = self.move_toward(pos, home);
            }
            p.action = "growing up".to_string();
            self.people[i] = p;
            return;
        }

        let berry = self.nearest_res(pos, BERRY, self.config.resource_search_radius);
        let tree = self.nearest_res(pos, TREE, self.config.resource_search_radius);
        let stone = self.nearest_res(pos, STONE, self.config.resource_search_radius);
        let rabbit = Self::nearest_animal(&self.rabbits, pos, self.config.resource_search_radius);
        let c = Ctx {
            night,
            at_home,
            hunger: p.hunger as f64,
            carry: p.carry() as i64,
            carried_food: p.food as i64,
            stock_food: self.food as i64,
            stock_wood: self.wood as i64,
            stock_stone: self.stone as i64,
            berry_near: berry.is_some(),
            tree_near: tree.is_some(),
            stone_near: stone.is_some(),
            rabbit_near: rabbit.is_some(),
            roll: self.rng.f() as f64,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        let choice = self.decide("person", c);

        let yield_n: u16 = if self.tools >= self.people.len() as u32 {
            self.config.person_tooled_gather_yield
        } else {
            self.config.person_gather_yield
        };
        let gather = match choice.as_str() {
            "forage" => Some((BERRY, berry, "foraging")),
            "chop" => Some((TREE, tree, "chopping wood")),
            "mine" => Some((STONE, stone, "mining stone")),
            _ => None,
        };
        match (choice.as_str(), gather, rabbit) {
            ("sleep", ..) => p.action = "sleeping".to_string(),
            ("go_home" | "haul" | "eat", ..) => {
                p.action = match choice.as_str() {
                    "go_home" => "going home",
                    "haul" => "hauling goods",
                    _ => "going to eat",
                }
                .to_string();
                if !at_home {
                    (p.x, p.y) = self.move_toward(pos, home);
                }
            }
            ("hunt", _, Some(r)) => {
                p.action = "hunting".to_string();
                let t = (self.rabbits[r].x, self.rabbits[r].y);
                if cheb(pos, t) <= self.config.attack_range {
                    if self.rng.chance(self.config.person_hunt_success_chance) {
                        self.rabbits[r].dead = true;
                        p.food += self.config.person_hunt_food_yield;
                    }
                } else {
                    (p.x, p.y) = self.move_toward(pos, t);
                }
            }
            (_, Some((kind, Some(t), label)), _) => {
                p.action = label.to_string();
                let idx = pos.1 * self.width + pos.0;
                if pos == t && self.res[idx].0 == kind {
                    let take = yield_n.min(self.res[idx].1);
                    self.res[idx].1 -= take;
                    if self.res[idx].1 == 0 {
                        self.res[idx].0 = 0;
                    }
                    match kind {
                        BERRY => p.food += take as u32,
                        TREE => p.wood += take as u32,
                        _ => p.stone += take as u32,
                    }
                } else {
                    (p.x, p.y) = self.move_toward(pos, t);
                }
            }
            _ => {
                p.action = "wandering".to_string();
                (p.x, p.y) = self.wander(p.x, p.y);
            }
        }
        self.people[i] = p;
    }

    fn craft_and_build(&mut self) {
        if self.wood >= self.config.tool_wood_cost
            && self.stone >= self.config.tool_stone_cost
            && self.tools < self.people.len() as u32
        {
            self.wood -= self.config.tool_wood_cost;
            self.stone -= self.config.tool_stone_cost;
            self.tools += 1;
        }
        if self.wood >= self.config.house_wood_cost
            && self.stone >= self.config.house_stone_cost
            && self.houses.len() < self.config.max_houses
        {
            let (hx, hy) = self.home;
            let radius = self.config.house_placement_radius;
            let diameter = radius * 2 + 1;
            let x = (hx as i32 + self.rng.below(diameter) as i32 - radius as i32)
                .clamp(0, self.width as i32 - 1);
            let y = (hy as i32 + self.rng.below(diameter) as i32 - radius as i32)
                .clamp(0, self.height as i32 - 1);
            if self.walkable(x, y)
                && self.res[y as usize * self.width + x as usize].0 == 0
                && !self.houses.contains(&(x as usize, y as usize))
            {
                self.wood -= self.config.house_wood_cost;
                self.stone -= self.config.house_stone_cost;
                self.houses.push((x as usize, y as usize));
                self.say("A new house was built".into());
            }
        }
    }

    fn tick_rabbit(&mut self, i: usize) {
        let mut a = self.rabbits[i].clone();
        a.energy -= self.config.rabbit_energy_drain;
        if matches!(self.tiles[a.y * self.width + a.x], GRASS | FOREST) {
            a.energy =
                (a.energy + self.config.rabbit_energy_regen).min(self.config.rabbit_energy_max);
        }
        let pos = (a.x, a.y);
        let wolf = Self::nearest_animal(&self.wolves, pos, self.config.rabbit_wolf_detection_range);
        let c = Ctx {
            wolf_near: wolf.is_some(),
            roll: self.rng.f() as f64,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        match (self.decide("rabbit", c).as_str(), wolf) {
            ("flee", Some(w)) => {
                let dx = (a.x as i32 - self.wolves[w].x as i32).signum();
                let dy = (a.y as i32 - self.wolves[w].y as i32).signum();
                (a.x, a.y) = self.move_dir(a.x, a.y, dx, dy);
            }
            ("wander", _) => (a.x, a.y) = self.wander(a.x, a.y),
            _ => {}
        }
        if a.energy > self.config.rabbit_breed_energy
            && self.rabbits.len() < self.config.rabbit_max_population
            && self.rng.chance(self.config.rabbit_breed_chance)
        {
            a.energy -= self.config.rabbit_breed_energy_cost;
            self.rabbits.push(Animal {
                actor_id: 0,
                x: a.x,
                y: a.y,
                energy: self.config.rabbit_newborn_energy,
                dead: false,
            });
        }
        if a.energy <= self.config.animal_energy_death_threshold {
            a.dead = true;
        }
        self.rabbits[i] = a;
    }

    fn tick_wolf(&mut self, i: usize) {
        let mut a = self.wolves[i].clone();
        a.energy -= self.config.wolf_energy_drain;
        let pos = (a.x, a.y);
        let prey = Self::nearest_animal(&self.rabbits, pos, self.config.wolf_prey_range);
        let c = Ctx {
            prey_near: prey.is_some(),
            ..Default::default()
        };
        match (self.decide("wolf", c).as_str(), prey) {
            ("hunt", Some(r)) => {
                let t = (self.rabbits[r].x, self.rabbits[r].y);
                if cheb(pos, t) <= self.config.attack_range {
                    if self.rng.chance(self.config.wolf_hunt_success_chance) {
                        self.rabbits[r].dead = true;
                        a.energy = (a.energy + self.config.wolf_hunt_energy_gain)
                            .min(self.config.wolf_energy_max);
                    }
                } else {
                    (a.x, a.y) = self.move_toward(pos, t);
                }
            }
            _ => (a.x, a.y) = self.wander(a.x, a.y),
        }
        if a.energy > self.config.wolf_breed_energy
            && self.wolves.len() < self.config.wolf_max_population
            && self.rng.chance(self.config.wolf_breed_chance)
        {
            a.energy -= self.config.wolf_breed_energy_cost;
            self.wolves.push(Animal {
                actor_id: 0,
                x: a.x,
                y: a.y,
                energy: self.config.wolf_newborn_energy,
                dead: false,
            });
        }
        if a.energy <= self.config.animal_energy_death_threshold {
            a.dead = true;
        }
        self.wolves[i] = a;
    }

    /// Replaces the running script. Behaviours and tuning constants apply
    /// immediately; map size and calendar defaults apply on reset.
    pub fn set_script(&mut self, src: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
        let script = SimScript::load(src)?;
        self.vm = script.vm();
        self.config = script.config.clone();
        self.script = script;
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn restarted(&self, seed: u64) -> Self {
        let mut world = Self::new_with_script(seed, self.script.clone());
        world.speed = self.speed;
        world.paused = self.paused;
        world.calendar = self.calendar.clone();
        world.calendar.normalize();
        world.tick = (world.calendar.ticks_per_day / world.config.starting_tick_fraction).max(1);
        world
    }

    pub fn regenerated_seed(&self) -> u64 {
        let mut seed = rand::random::<u64>();
        if seed == self.seed {
            seed = seed.wrapping_add(1);
        }
        seed
    }

    pub fn seed(&self) -> u64 {
        self.seed
    }

    pub fn snapshot_json(&self) -> Result<String, serde_json::Error> {
        serde_json::to_string(&WorldSnapshot {
            version: 1,
            seed: Some(self.seed),
            width: self.width,
            height: self.height,
            tiles: self.tiles.clone(),
            res: self.res.clone(),
            people: self.people.clone(),
            rabbits: self.rabbits.clone(),
            wolves: self.wolves.clone(),
            houses: self.houses.clone(),
            home: self.home,
            food: self.food,
            wood: self.wood,
            stone: self.stone,
            tools: self.tools,
            rng: self.rng.0,
            tick: self.tick,
            next_id: self.next_id,
            log: self.log.clone(),
            paused: self.paused,
            speed: self.speed,
            terrain_rev: self.terrain_rev,
            calendar: self.calendar.clone(),
            partnerships: self.partnerships.clone(),
            next_partnership_id: self.next_partnership_id,
        })
    }

    pub fn script(&self) -> &str {
        self.script.source()
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn from_snapshot(snapshot: &str, fallback_seed: u64) -> Result<Self, String> {
        Self::from_snapshot_with_script(snapshot, fallback_seed, default_script())
    }

    /// Restores world state from a snapshot; `script` (normally `config.rn`
    /// on disk) supplies the behaviours and tuning constants.
    pub fn from_snapshot_with_script(
        snapshot: &str,
        fallback_seed: u64,
        script: SimScript,
    ) -> Result<Self, String> {
        let config = script.config.clone();
        let snapshot_value: serde_json::Value =
            serde_json::from_str(snapshot).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        let legacy_people = snapshot_value
            .get("people")
            .and_then(serde_json::Value::as_array)
            .is_some_and(|people| {
                !people.is_empty()
                    && people.iter().all(|person| {
                        person
                            .as_object()
                            .is_some_and(|person| !person.contains_key("stage"))
                    })
            });
        let mut snapshot_value = snapshot_value;
        if snapshot_value.get("calendar").is_none() {
            let calendar = serde_json::to_value(&config.calendar).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
            snapshot_value
                .as_object_mut()
                .ok_or("world snapshot must be a JSON object")?
                .insert("calendar".into(), calendar);
        }
        let saved: WorldSnapshot =
            serde_json::from_value(snapshot_value).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
        if saved.version != 1 {
            return Err(format!(
                "unsupported world snapshot version {}",
                saved.version
            ));
        }
        if !(8..=256).contains(&saved.width)
            || !(8..=256).contains(&saved.height)
            || saved.tiles.len() != saved.width * saved.height
            || saved.res.len() != saved.width * saved.height
        {
            return Err("world snapshot has invalid terrain dimensions".into());
        }
        let mut world = Self {
            seed: saved.seed.unwrap_or(fallback_seed),
            width: saved.width,
            height: saved.height,
            tiles: saved.tiles,
            res: saved.res,
            people: saved.people,
            rabbits: saved.rabbits,
            wolves: saved.wolves,
            partnerships: saved.partnerships,
            next_partnership_id: saved.next_partnership_id,
            actor_system: ActorSystem::new()
                .map_err(|e| format!("failed to start Picard actor system: {e}"))?,
            entities: HashMap::new(),
            next_actor_id: 1,
            houses: saved.houses,
            home: saved.home,
            food: saved.food,
            wood: saved.wood,
            stone: saved.stone,
            tools: saved.tools,
            rng: Rng(saved.rng),
            tick: saved.tick,
            next_id: saved.next_id,
            log: saved.log,
            vm: script.vm(),
            script,
            paused: saved.paused,
            speed: saved.speed,
            terrain_rev: saved.terrain_rev,
            calendar: saved.calendar,
            config,
        };
        world.calendar.normalize();
        if legacy_people {
            world.initialize_legacy_people();
        }
        world.prune_partnerships();
        world.sync_entities();
        Ok(world)
    }

    fn initialize_legacy_people(&mut self) {
        for index in 0..self.people.len() {
            let stage = if index < self.config.initial_young_adults {
                LifeStage::YoungAdult
            } else {
                LifeStage::Adult
            };
            let duration_days = self.sample_stage_duration(stage);
            let prior_stages = match stage {
                LifeStage::YoungAdult => {
                    [LifeStage::Toddler, LifeStage::Child, LifeStage::Teen].as_slice()
                }
                LifeStage::Adult => [
                    LifeStage::Toddler,
                    LifeStage::Child,
                    LifeStage::Teen,
                    LifeStage::YoungAdult,
                ]
                .as_slice(),
                _ => &[],
            };
            let age_days: u64 = prior_stages
                .iter()
                .map(|&past_stage| self.sample_stage_duration(past_stage) as u64)
                .sum();
            let person = &mut self.people[index];
            person.stage = stage;
            person.stage_duration_days = duration_days;
            person.stage_elapsed_ticks = 0;
            person.age_ticks = age_days * self.calendar.ticks_per_day;
        }
    }

    fn rect(&self, t: &[&str], i: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize, usize, usize)> {
        let n: Vec<i64> = (i..i + 4).filter_map(|k| t.get(k)?.parse().ok()).collect();
        if n.len() != 4 {
            return None;
        }
        let c = |v: i64, max: usize| v.clamp(0, max as i64 - 1) as usize;
        let (x0, x1) = (c(n[0].min(n[2]), self.width), c(n[0].max(n[2]), self.width));
        let (y0, y1) = (
            c(n[1].min(n[3]), self.height),
            c(n[1].max(n[3]), self.height),
        );
        Some((x0, y0, x1, y1))
    }

    /// Applies one whitespace-separated edit command; malformed commands are ignored.
    pub fn apply(&mut self, cmd: &str) {
        self.load_entities();
        let t: Vec<&str> = cmd.split_whitespace().collect();
        let num = |i: usize| t.get(i).and_then(|s| s.parse::<i64>().ok());
        match t.first().copied() {
            Some("pause") => self.paused = num(1) != Some(0),
            Some("calendar") => {
                if let (Some(setting), Some(value)) = (t.get(1), num(2)) {
                    let value = value.clamp(1, 1_000_000) as u64;
                    match *setting {
                        "ticks_per_day" => self.calendar.ticks_per_day = value,
                        "days_per_week" => self.calendar.days_per_week = value.min(100) as u32,
                        "weeks_per_month" => self.calendar.weeks_per_month = value.min(100) as u32,
                        "months_per_year" => self.calendar.months_per_year = value.min(100) as u32,
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("stage") => {
                if let (Some(stage), Some(property)) = (t.get(1), t.get(2)) {
                    if *property == "fertile" {
                        if let Some(value) = num(3)
                            && let Some(range) = self.calendar.duration_mut(stage)
                        {
                            range.fertile = value != 0;
                        }
                    } else if let (Some(min_days), Some(max_days)) = (num(2), num(3)) {
                        let min_days = min_days.clamp(1, 1_000_000) as u32;
                        let max_days = max_days.clamp(1, 1_000_000) as u32;
                        if min_days <= max_days
                            && let Some(range) = self.calendar.duration_mut(stage)
                        {
                            range.min_days = min_days;
                            range.max_days = max_days;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("speed") => {
                if let Some(n) = num(1) {
                    self.speed = n.clamp(1, self.config.max_simulation_speed as i64) as u32;
                }
            }
            Some("stock") => {
                if let (Some(name), Some(v)) = (t.get(1), num(2)) {
                    let v = v.clamp(0, self.config.max_stock_edit as i64) as u32;
                    match *name {
                        "food" => self.food = v,
                        "wood" => self.wood = v,
                        "stone" => self.stone = v,
                        "tools" => self.tools = v,
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("person") => {
                if let (Some(id), Some(field), Some(v)) = (num(1), t.get(2), num(3))
                    && let Some(p) = self.people.iter_mut().find(|p| p.id as i64 == id)
                {
                    let u = v.clamp(0, self.config.max_person_inventory_edit as i64) as u32;
                    match *field {
                        "hunger" => p.hunger = v.clamp(0, self.config.max_hunger_edit) as f32,
                        "food" => p.food = u,
                        "wood" => p.wood = u,
                        "stone" => p.stone = u,
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("energy") => {
                if let (Some((x0, y0, x1, y1)), Some(v)) = (self.rect(&t, 1), num(5)) {
                    let v = v.clamp(1, self.config.max_animal_energy_edit as i64) as f32;
                    let inside = |a: &Animal| a.x >= x0 && a.x <= x1 && a.y >= y0 && a.y <= y1;
                    for a in self.rabbits.iter_mut().chain(self.wolves.iter_mut()) {
                        if inside(a) {
                            a.energy = v;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("terrain") => {
                if let (Some((x0, y0, x1, y1)), Some(kind)) = (self.rect(&t, 1), num(5))
                    && (0..=6).contains(&kind)
                {
                    self.paint_terrain(x0, y0, x1, y1, kind as u8);
                }
            }
            Some("res") => {
                if let (Some((x0, y0, x1, y1)), Some(kind), Some(amt)) =
                    (self.rect(&t, 1), num(5), num(6))
                    && (0..=3).contains(&kind)
                {
                    let amt = amt.clamp(1, self.config.max_resource_edit as i64) as u16;
                    for y in y0..=y1 {
                        for x in x0..=x1 {
                            let i = y * self.width + x;
                            let free = self.walkable(x as i32, y as i32)
                                && (x, y) != self.home
                                && !self.houses.contains(&(x, y));
                            if kind == 0 {
                                self.res[i] = (0, 0);
                            } else if free {
                                self.res[i] = (kind as u8, amt);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("spawn") => {
                if let (Some(what), Some((x0, y0, x1, y1))) = (t.get(1), self.rect(&t, 2)) {
                    let mut left = self.config.manual_spawn_limit;
                    for y in y0..=y1 {
                        for x in x0..=x1 {
                            if left == 0 || !self.walkable(x as i32, y as i32) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            left -= 1;
                            let a = Animal {
                                actor_id: 0,
                                x,
                                y,
                                energy: self.config.initial_animal_energy,
                                dead: false,
                            };
                            match *what {
                                "person" => {
                                    self.spawn_person();
                                    let p = self.people.last_mut().unwrap();
                                    (p.x, p.y) = (x, y);
                                }
                                "rabbit" => self.rabbits.push(a),
                                "wolf" => self.wolves.push(a),
                                _ => left += 1,
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("house") => {
                if let Some((x0, y0, x1, y1)) = self.rect(&t, 1) {
                    for y in y0..=y1 {
                        for x in x0..=x1 {
                            if self.houses.len() < self.config.max_houses
                                && self.walkable(x as i32, y as i32)
                                && self.res[y * self.width + x].0 == 0
                                && (x, y) != self.home
                                && !self.houses.contains(&(x, y))
                            {
                                self.houses.push((x, y));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Some("remove") => {
                if let (Some((x0, y0, x1, y1)), Some(what)) = (self.rect(&t, 1), t.get(5)) {
                    let inside = |x: usize, y: usize| x >= x0 && x <= x1 && y >= y0 && y <= y1;
                    let all = *what == "all";
                    if all || *what == "people" {
                        self.people.retain(|p| !inside(p.x, p.y));
                    }
                    if all || *what == "rabbits" {
                        self.rabbits.retain(|a| !inside(a.x, a.y));
                    }
                    if all || *what == "wolves" {
                        self.wolves.retain(|a| !inside(a.x, a.y));
                    }
                    if all || *what == "houses" {
                        self.houses.retain(|h| !inside(h.0, h.1));
                    }
                    if all || *what == "res" {
                        for y in y0..=y1 {
                            for x in x0..=x1 {
                                self.res[y * self.width + x] = (0, 0);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
        self.prune_partnerships();
        self.sync_entities();
    }

    fn paint_terrain(&mut self, x0: usize, y0: usize, x1: usize, y1: usize, kind: u8) {
        let land = matches!(kind, SAND | GRASS | FOREST | HILLS);
        for y in y0..=y1 {
            for x in x0..=x1 {
                if !land && (x, y) == self.home {
                    continue;
                }
                self.tiles[y * self.width + x] = kind;
                if !land {
                    self.res[y * self.width + x] = (0, 0);
                    self.houses.retain(|h| *h != (x, y));
                }
            }
        }
        if !land {
            let ok = |tiles: &[u8], x: usize, y: usize| {
                matches!(tiles[y * self.width + x], SAND | GRASS | FOREST | HILLS)
            };
            let tiles = self.tiles.clone();
            self.rabbits.retain(|a| ok(&tiles, a.x, a.y));
            self.wolves.retain(|a| ok(&tiles, a.x, a.y));
            let home = self.home;
            for p in self.people.iter_mut().filter(|p| !ok(&tiles, p.x, p.y)) {
                (p.x, p.y) = home;
            }
        }
        self.terrain_rev += 1;
    }

    pub fn terrain_json(&self) -> String {
        let tiles: String = self.tiles.iter().map(|t| (b'0' + t) as char).collect();
        format!(
            "{{\"w\":{},\"h\":{},\"tiles\":\"{}\"}}",
            self.width, self.height, tiles
        )
    }

    pub fn state_json(&self) -> String {
        let mut s = String::new();
        let days_per_month =
            self.calendar.days_per_week as u64 * self.calendar.weeks_per_month as u64;
        let days_per_year = days_per_month * self.calendar.months_per_year as u64;
        let day = self.tick / self.calendar.ticks_per_day;
        let year = day / days_per_year + 1;
        let month = (day / days_per_month) % self.calendar.months_per_year as u64 + 1;
        let week =
            (day / self.calendar.days_per_week as u64) % self.calendar.weeks_per_month as u64 + 1;
        let date_day = day % self.calendar.days_per_week as u64 + 1;
        let actor_stats = self.actor_system.stats();
        let _ = write!(
            s,
            "{{\"paused\":{},\"speed\":{},\"seed\":{},\"rev\":{},\"tick\":{},\"day\":{},\"year\":{},\"month\":{},\"week\":{},\"date_day\":{},\"hour\":{:.2},\"daylight\":{:.3},\"limits\":{{\"speed\":{},\"stock\":{},\"person_inventory\":{},\"hunger\":{},\"animal_energy\":{},\"resource\":{},\"spawn\":{}}},\"stock\":{{\"food\":{},\"wood\":{},\"stone\":{},\"tools\":{}}},\"home\":[{},{}],",
            self.paused,
            self.speed,
            self.seed,
            self.terrain_rev,
            self.tick,
            day + 1,
            year,
            month,
            week,
            date_day,
            (self.tick % self.calendar.ticks_per_day) as f32 / self.calendar.ticks_per_day as f32
                * 24.0,
            self.daylight(),
            self.config.max_simulation_speed,
            self.config.max_stock_edit,
            self.config.max_person_inventory_edit,
            self.config.max_hunger_edit,
            self.config.max_animal_energy_edit,
            self.config.max_resource_edit,
            self.config.manual_spawn_limit,
            self.food,
            self.wood,
            self.stone,
            self.tools,
            self.home.0,
            self.home.1
        );
        let _ = write!(
            s,
            "\"calendar\":{{\"ticks_per_day\":{},\"days_per_week\":{},\"weeks_per_month\":{},\"months_per_year\":{},",
            self.calendar.ticks_per_day,
            self.calendar.days_per_week,
            self.calendar.weeks_per_month,
            self.calendar.months_per_year
        );
        for (index, (name, range)) in [
            ("toddler", self.calendar.toddler),
            ("child", self.calendar.child),
            ("teen", self.calendar.teen),
            ("young_adult", self.calendar.young_adult),
            ("adult", self.calendar.adult),
            ("older_adult", self.calendar.older_adult),
            ("elderly", self.calendar.elderly),
        ]
        .into_iter()
        .enumerate()
        {
            if index > 0 {
                s.push(',');
            }
            let _ = write!(
                s,
                "\"{name}\":{{\"min_days\":{},\"max_days\":{},\"fertile\":{}}}",
                range.min_days, range.max_days, range.fertile
            );
        }
        s.push_str("},");
        s.push_str("\"houses\":[");
        let j: Vec<String> = self
            .houses
            .iter()
            .map(|h| format!("[{},{}]", h.0, h.1))
            .collect();
        s.push_str(&j.join(","));
        s.push_str("],\"people\":[");
        let j: Vec<String> = self
            .people
            .iter()
            .map(|p| {
                format!(
                    "[{},{},{},\"{}\",{:.0},{},{},{},\"{}\",{},{}]",
                    p.id,
                    p.x,
                    p.y,
                    p.action,
                    p.hunger,
                    p.food,
                    p.wood,
                    p.stone,
                    p.stage.key(),
                    p.age_ticks / self.calendar.ticks_per_day,
                    p.partner_id
                        .map_or_else(|| "null".to_string(), |partner| partner.to_string())
                )
            })
            .collect();
        s.push_str(&j.join(","));
        s.push_str("],\"rabbits\":[");
        let j: Vec<String> = self
            .rabbits
            .iter()
            .map(|a| format!("[{},{},{:.0}]", a.x, a.y, a.energy))
            .collect();
        s.push_str(&j.join(","));
        s.push_str("],\"wolves\":[");
        let j: Vec<String> = self
            .wolves
            .iter()
            .map(|a| format!("[{},{},{:.0}]", a.x, a.y, a.energy))
            .collect();
        s.push_str(&j.join(","));
        s.push_str("],\"res\":[");
        let mut first = true;
        for (i, r) in self.res.iter().enumerate() {
            if r.0 != 0 {
                if !first {
                    s.push(',');
                }
                first = false;
                let _ = write!(s, "[{},{},{},{}]", i % self.width, i / self.width, r.0, r.1);
            }
        }
        s.push_str("],\"log\":[");
        let j: Vec<String> = self.log.iter().map(|l| format!("\"{}\"", l)).collect();
        s.push_str(&j.join(","));
        let _ = write!(
            s,
            "],\"actor_stats\":{{\"actors_created\":{},\"actors_terminated\":{},\"actors_restarted\":{},\"messages_sent\":{},\"messages_failed\":{},\"system_messages_sent\":{},\"live_actors\":{}}}}}",
            actor_stats.actors_created,
            actor_stats.actors_terminated,
            actor_stats.actors_restarted,
            actor_stats.messages_sent,
            actor_stats.messages_failed,
            actor_stats.system_messages_sent,
            actor_stats.live_actors()
        );
        s
    }
}

impl Drop for World {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        // Shutdown starts eagerly; Drop must not block waiting for completion.
        drop(self.actor_system.shutdown());
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::{DEFAULT_SCRIPT, H, LifeStage, SimScript, W, World, cheb, default_config};

    fn simulation_state(world: &World) -> serde_json::Value {
        let mut state: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&world.state_json()).unwrap();
        state.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("actor_stats");
        state
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_people_progress_through_every_stage_and_die() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.calendar.ticks_per_day = 1;
        for stage in [
            "toddler",
            "child",
            "teen",
            "young_adult",
            "adult",
            "older_adult",
            "elderly",
        ] {
            let duration = world.calendar.duration_mut(stage).unwrap();
            duration.min_days = 1;
            duration.max_days = 1;
        }
        world.spawn_person();
        let index = world.people.len() - 1;
        assert_eq!(world.people[index].stage, LifeStage::Toddler);

        for expected in [
            LifeStage::Child,
            LifeStage::Teen,
            LifeStage::YoungAdult,
            LifeStage::Adult,
            LifeStage::OlderAdult,
            LifeStage::Elderly,
            LifeStage::Dead,
        ] {
            world.advance_people();
            assert_eq!(world.people[index].stage, expected);
        }
        assert!(world.people[index].dead);
    }

    #[test]
    fn eligible_people_form_partnership_actor_and_have_toddlers() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.calendar.ticks_per_day = 1;
        world.calendar.days_per_week = 1;
        world.food = 1000;
        world.find_partners();
        assert_eq!(world.partnerships.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(
            world
                .people
                .iter()
                .filter(|person| person.partner_id.is_some())
                .count(),
            8
        );
        world.people[0].x = 0;
        world.people[0].y = 0;

        world.sync_entities();
        assert_eq!(
            world.entities.len(),
            world.people.len() + world.rabbits.len() + world.wolves.len() + 4
        );
        world.load_entities();
        assert_eq!(world.partnerships.len(), 4);

        let initial_population = world.people.len();
        while world.people.len() < world.population_capacity() {
            world.tick += 1;
            world.have_children(1);
        }
        assert_eq!(world.people.len(), world.population_capacity());
        assert_eq!(world.people.len() - initial_population, 3);
        let toddler = world
            .people
            .iter()
            .find(|person| person.stage == LifeStage::Toddler)
            .expect("fertile partner actors should eventually have a child");
        assert_eq!(toddler.age_ticks, 0);
        assert_eq!((toddler.x, toddler.y), world.home);
    }

    #[test]
    fn each_fertile_partnership_can_have_a_weekly_birth() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.calendar.ticks_per_day = 1;
        world.food = 1000;
        world.houses.extend([(0, 0), (1, 0)]);
        world.find_partners();
        world.tick += 7;

        world.have_children(7);

        assert_eq!(world.people.len(), 13);
        assert_eq!(
            world
                .people
                .iter()
                .filter(|person| person.stage == LifeStage::Toddler)
                .count(),
            4
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn people_can_pathfind_back_home_around_blocked_terrain() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        let start = (59, 48);
        let mut position = start;

        for _ in 0..W.max(H) * 2 {
            if position == world.home {
                break;
            }
            position = world.move_toward(position, world.home);
        }

        assert_eq!(position, world.home);
        assert!(world.walkable(start.0 as i32, start.1 as i32));
    }

    #[test]
    fn village_survives_until_its_first_weekly_birth_check() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        let first_week_tick = world.calendar.ticks_per_day * world.calendar.days_per_week as u64;
        let mut daily = Vec::new();

        while world.tick < first_week_tick {
            world.step();
            if world.tick.is_multiple_of(world.calendar.ticks_per_day) {
                daily.push((world.tick, world.people.len(), world.food));
            }
        }

        assert!(
            world.people.len() >= 10,
            "village failed to replace its initial population: daily={daily:?}, people={:?}, events={:?}",
            world
                .people
                .iter()
                .map(|person| (person.id, person.hunger, person.action.as_str()))
                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            world.log,
        );
        assert!(
            world.log.iter().all(|event| !event.contains("starved")),
            "people starved before the first birth check: {:?}",
            world.log
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn legacy_snapshots_restore_the_village_as_adults() {
        let world = World::new(42);
        let mut snapshot: serde_json::Value =
            serde_json::from_str(&world.snapshot_json().unwrap()).unwrap();
        for person in snapshot["people"].as_array_mut().unwrap() {
            let person = person.as_object_mut().unwrap();
            for field in [
                "age_ticks",
                "stage",
                "stage_elapsed_ticks",
                "stage_duration_days",
                "partner_id",
            ] {
                person.remove(field);
            }
        }
        snapshot.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("partnerships");

        let restored = World::from_snapshot(&snapshot.to_string(), 42).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(restored.people.len(), 9);
        assert_eq!(restored.people[0].stage, LifeStage::YoungAdult);
        assert!(
            restored
                .people
                .iter()
                .skip(3)
                .all(|person| person.stage == LifeStage::Adult)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn partnership_and_life_stage_are_in_persisted_actor_state() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.find_partners();
        world.sync_entities();
        let restored = World::from_snapshot(&world.snapshot_json().unwrap(), 42).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(restored.partnerships.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(simulation_state(&restored), simulation_state(&world));
        assert_eq!(
            serde_json::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(&restored.state_json()).unwrap()["people"][0]
                [8],
            "young_adult"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn children_return_home_instead_of_staying_away_from_food() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.food = 100;
        let home = world.home;
        let position = (home.0.saturating_add(5), home.1.saturating_add(5));
        world.spawn_person_at(position);

        world.tick_person(world.people.len() - 1);

        let child = world.people.last().unwrap();
        assert!(cheb((child.x, child.y), home) < cheb(position, home));
        assert_eq!(child.action, "growing up");
    }

    #[test]
    fn a_person_eats_available_food_before_starving() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.food = 1;
        world.people[0].hunger = 99.0;

        world.tick_person(0);

        assert!(!world.people[0].dead);
        assert!(world.people[0].hunger < 100.0);
        assert_eq!(world.food, 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn snapshot_restores_state_and_rng() {
        let mut original = World::new(42);
        for _ in 0..10 {
            original.step();
        }
        original.paused = true;
        original.speed = 4;

        let snapshot = original.snapshot_json().unwrap();
        let mut restored = World::from_snapshot(&snapshot, 42).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(simulation_state(&original), simulation_state(&restored));

        original.step();
        restored.step();
        assert_eq!(simulation_state(&original), simulation_state(&restored));
    }

    #[test]
    fn reset_keeps_seed_and_settings_with_nine_people() {
        let mut original = World::new(42);
        original.apply("speed 4");
        original.paused = true;
        original.set_script(DEFAULT_SCRIPT).unwrap();
        original.step();

        let reset = original.restarted(original.seed());
        assert_eq!(reset.seed(), 42);
        assert_eq!(reset.speed, 4);
        assert!(reset.paused);
        assert_eq!(reset.people.len(), 9);
        assert_eq!(
            reset.tick,
            default_config().calendar.ticks_per_day / default_config().starting_tick_fraction
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn regenerated_seed_differs_from_current_seed() {
        let world = World::new(42);
        assert_ne!(world.regenerated_seed(), world.seed());
    }

    #[test]
    fn picard_actors_own_living_entity_state() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        let person_id = world.people[0].id;

        world.apply(&format!("person {person_id} hunger 73"));
        world.people[0].hunger = 1.0;
        world.load_entities();

        assert_eq!(world.people[0].hunger, 73.0);
        assert_eq!(
            world.entities.len(),
            world.people.len() + world.rabbits.len() + world.wolves.len()
        );
        let state: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&world.state_json()).unwrap();
        assert!(
            state["actor_stats"]["actors_created"].as_u64().unwrap() >= world.entities.len() as u64
        );
        assert!(state["actor_stats"]["messages_sent"].as_u64().unwrap() > 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn calendar_and_life_stage_ranges_persist_in_snapshots() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        world.apply("calendar ticks_per_day 240");
        world.apply("calendar days_per_week 5");
        world.apply("stage toddler 3 9");

        let snapshot = world.snapshot_json().unwrap();
        let restored = World::from_snapshot(&snapshot, 42).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(restored.calendar.ticks_per_day, 240);
        assert_eq!(restored.calendar.days_per_week, 5);
        assert_eq!(restored.calendar.toddler.min_days, 3);
        assert_eq!(restored.calendar.toddler.max_days, 9);
        assert_eq!(simulation_state(&world), simulation_state(&restored));
    }

    #[test]
    fn snapshots_without_calendar_use_default_settings() {
        let world = World::new(42);
        let mut snapshot: serde_json::Value =
            serde_json::from_str(&world.snapshot_json().unwrap()).unwrap();
        snapshot.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("calendar");

        let restored = World::from_snapshot(&snapshot.to_string(), 42).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            restored.calendar.ticks_per_day,
            default_config().calendar.ticks_per_day
        );
        assert_eq!(restored.calendar.days_per_week, 7);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rune_config_controls_initial_world_and_survives_snapshot_restore() {
        let source = DEFAULT_SCRIPT
            .replace("WIDTH = 96", "WIDTH = 48")
            .replace("HEIGHT = 64", "HEIGHT = 32")
            .replace("INITIAL_POPULATION = 9", "INITIAL_POPULATION = 6")
            .replace("INITIAL_YOUNG_ADULTS = 3", "INITIAL_YOUNG_ADULTS = 2")
            .replace("INITIAL_FOOD = 60", "INITIAL_FOOD = 125")
            .replace("TICKS_PER_DAY = 1800", "TICKS_PER_DAY = 240");
        let script = SimScript::load(&source).unwrap();
        let world = World::new_with_script(42, script.clone());

        assert_eq!((world.width, world.height), (48, 32));
        assert_eq!(world.people.len(), 6);
        assert_eq!(world.food, 125);
        assert_eq!(world.calendar.ticks_per_day, 240);
        assert!(world.terrain_json().contains("\"w\":48,\"h\":32"));
        let state: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&world.state_json()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(state["limits"]["speed"], 8);

        let restored =
            World::from_snapshot_with_script(&world.snapshot_json().unwrap(), 42, script).unwrap();
        assert_eq!((restored.width, restored.height), (48, 32));
        assert_eq!(simulation_state(&restored), simulation_state(&world));
    }

    #[test]
    fn restored_snapshots_use_the_provided_script() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        let edited = DEFAULT_SCRIPT.replace("MAX_SIMULATION_SPEED = 8", "MAX_SIMULATION_SPEED = 3");
        world.set_script(&edited).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(world.config.max_simulation_speed, 3);
        assert_eq!(world.script(), edited);

        let restored = World::from_snapshot(&world.snapshot_json().unwrap(), 42).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(restored.script(), DEFAULT_SCRIPT);
        assert_eq!(restored.config.max_simulation_speed, 8);
    }

    #[test]
    fn behaviours_read_script_constants() {
        let mut world = World::new(42);
        let all_stay = DEFAULT_SCRIPT.replace(
            "RABBIT_BEHAVIOR_WANDER_CHANCE = 0.5",
            "RABBIT_BEHAVIOR_WANDER_CHANCE = 0.0",
        );
        world.set_script(&all_stay).unwrap();
        let c = super::Ctx {
            roll: 0.25,
            ..Default::default()
        };
        assert_eq!(world.decide("rabbit", c.clone()), "stay");
        world.set_script(DEFAULT_SCRIPT).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(world.decide("rabbit", c), "wander");
    }

    #[test]
    fn invalid_rune_configuration_is_rejected() {
        let source = DEFAULT_SCRIPT
            .replace("INITIAL_POPULATION = 9", "INITIAL_POPULATION = 3")
            .replace("INITIAL_YOUNG_ADULTS = 3", "INITIAL_YOUNG_ADULTS = 4");
        assert!(
            SimScript::load(&source)
                .err()
                .unwrap()
                .contains("initial_young_adults cannot exceed initial_population")
        );
        let missing = DEFAULT_SCRIPT.replace("pub const WIDTH = 96;", "");
        assert!(SimScript::load(&missing).err().unwrap().contains("WIDTH"));
        let no_behaviour = DEFAULT_SCRIPT.replace("pub fn wolf(c)", "pub fn wolves(c)");
        assert!(SimScript::load(&no_behaviour).is_err());
    }
}